The fuel tank (or gas tank ) is a safe container for flammable liquids. Although any storage tank for fuel can be called so, the term is usually applied to the part of the engine system where fuel is stored and driven (fuel pump) or released (pressure gas) into the engine. Fuel tanks have a variety of sizes and complexities from small plastic tanks with lighter butane to external tanks of cryogenic multi-space space.
Video Fuel tank
Usage
Typically, fuel tanks should allow or provide the following:
- Fuel storage: the system must contain a given amount of fuel and must avoid leaks and limit evaporative emissions.
- Filling: fuel tanks must be filled in a safe, no spark.
- Give the method to determine the fuel level in the tank, measure (the remaining amount of fuel in the tank should be measured or evaluated).
- Ventilation (if excess pressure is not allowed, fuel vapor must be managed through the valve).
- Feed the machine (via pump).
- Anticipate potential damage and provide safe safety potential.
Plastics (high-density polyethylene HDPE) as a fuel tank construction material, while functionally in the short term, has the long-term potential to become saturated as fuels such as diesel and gasoline soak into HDPE materials.
Considering the inertia and kinetic energy of the fuel in the plastic tank transported by the vehicle, the stress of the environmental stress is a definite potential. Flammable fuels create stress cracking possible causes of catastrophic failure. In addition to emergencies, HDPE plastics are suitable for short-term storage of diesel and gasoline. In the US, Underwriters Laboratories approved (UL 142) tanks would be a minimum design consideration.
Maps Fuel tank
Fuel tank construction
While most of the tanks are manufactured, some fuel tanks are still made by metal or handmade craftsmen in the case of bladder-style tanks. These include custom tanks and restorations for autos, airplanes, motorcycles, and even tractors. Fuel tank construction follows a series of specific steps. Craftsmen generally create a mockup to determine the size and shape of an accurate tank, usually from a foam board. Furthermore, design issues affecting the tank structure are handled - such as where outlets, drain, fluid level indicators, seams, and baffles go. Then the craftsman should determine the thickness, temperature and alloy of the sheet to be used to make the tank. After the sheets are cut to the required shape, various pieces are bent to make base shell and/or tip and baffle for the tank. Many fuel tank baffles (especially in airplanes and racing cars) contain dry holes. These flanged holes serve two purposes, they reduce the weight of the tank while adding strength to the baffle. Toward the end of the construction, openings are added to the charger's neck, fuel levers, channels, and fuel-level delivery units. Sometimes these holes are made on a flat shell, at other times added at the end of the fabrication process. Baffles and edges can be fixed in place. The rivet head is often brazed or soldered to prevent tank leakage. The ends can then be clamped and soldered, or flaked and brazed (and/or sealed with an epoxy type sealant) or the edges can be welded and then welded. After soldering, brazing or welding is complete, the fuel tank is tested for leakage.
Automotive fuel tank
The maximum distance a car powered burning machine with a full tank can cover is the product of the tank capacity and fuel efficiency (as in miles per gallon). While larger tanks increase maximum distance, they also take up more space and (especially when fully loaded) adds total weight, requiring higher fuel consumption for the same performance. Therefore the capacity of the fuel tank is the result of a trade-off in design considerations. For most compact cars, the capacity is 45-65 liters (12-17 US gal); the original Tata Nano model is amazing with its 15 liter fuel tank (4 gallons US). SUVs and trucks tend to have a much larger fuel tank.
For each new vehicle, a specific fuel system is developed, to optimize the use of available space. In addition, for one car model, different fuel system architectures are developed, depending on the type of car, type of fuel (gasoline or diesel), nozzle model, and region.
Two technologies are used to create fuel tanks for cars:
- Metal tank (steel or aluminum) welded from stamped sheets. Although this technology is very good at limiting fuel emissions, it tends to be less competitive and thus less in the market, although to date automotive fuel tanks are almost exclusively made of sheet metal.
- High-density polyethylene plastic tank (HDPE) made with blow molding. Blow molded HDPE can take complex shapes, for example allowing the tank to be mounted directly over the rear axle, saving space and improving the safety of the accident. Initially there were concerns about the low toughness of HDPE cracks, when compared to steel or aluminum. Concern for security and long-term functional ability should be considered and monitored.
Modern cars often feature opening flap opening fuel tank fuel fillers using electric motors or cable discharges. For convenience and safety, many modern fuel tanks can not be opened by hand or from the exterior of the car.
Backup tank
Sometimes called a backup tank is a secondary fuel tank (in many cars/bikes containing about 15% of the capacity of the main tank) is more commonly found on bikes, older cars (some without fuel gauges) and vehicles designed for distance remote or special use. The light on the instrument panel shows when the fuel level drops below a certain point in the tank. There is no current standard, although several attempts were made to collect this data for all cars.
In vehicles that are modified for durability, the main tank (which accompanies the car) is made into a larger reservoir and installed. Some 4x4 vehicles can be equipped with secondary (or sub-tanks) by the dealer.
Sending to bottle
The bottle vessel tank is a manufacturing design developed by TI Automotive in Rastatt, Germany where all fuel delivery components include pumps, electronic controls and most of the plugs encased in a blow-molded plastic fuel tank, and named after a traditional ship-in-a-bottle mechanical puzzle. This technique was developed to reduce fuel emissions in response to Partial Zero-Emission Vehicle (PZEV) requirements. The first app is for Ford GT 2005.
Racing fuel cell
A racing fuel cell has a rigid outer shell and flexible inner layers to minimize the potential for puncture in the event of a collision or other accident resulting in serious damage to the vehicle. These are filled with open cell foam cores to prevent vapor explosions in the empty sections of the tank and to minimize fuel spills during competition that can imbalance the vehicle or lead to insufficient fuel delivery to the motor (fuel hunger). The designation of "racing" is often eliminated due to intimacy and because this type of gas tank is also used on street vehicles. Abandonment may cause confusion with other types of fuel cells. View Fuel cells (disambiguation).
Placement and security
For safety considerations, in modern cars the fuel tank is usually located in front of the rear axle, out of the car crumple zone.
Cars like the Ford Pinto or models that still use the Ford Panther platform (Ford Crown Victoria, Lincoln Town Car and Mercury Grand Marquis) are notorious for having a fuel tank behind the rear axle. Since 1980 the new Ford model has fixed this problem and has a fuel tank in front of the rear axle.
General Motors 1973-1987 The pickup truck C/K has a fuel tank located outside the chassis. According to the Automatic Security Center it creates a fire hazard. In automotive applications, improper placement of fuel tanks has increased the likelihood of collisions occurring. Around 1990, General Motors faced over a hundred product liability claims related to fires allegedly caused by GM's decision to place a fuel tank in its pickup truck outside of the vehicle frame protection. In 1993, the reportage on this issue for NBC News created a scandal over stolen vehicles to catch fire for television cameras.
Ford's pinto has also sparked controversy as it puts fuel tanks in less reinforced areas that could cause deadly fires and explosions if a car crashes on the back, costing $ 125 million.
Likewise for safety reasons, the charger can no longer be behind the middle of the car in the crumple zone and thus should be on the side of the car. Which side is a series of trade-offs: the driver's side is more accessible, and is mechanically simpler to lock the gas cap; passenger side is safer (away from traffic passing by the roadside). Asymmetrical sliding doors can also dictate placement and some minivan doors will collide with ongoing charging.
Aircraft
Aircraft typically use three types of fuel tanks: integral, rigid, and bladder.
- The integral tank is an area within the sealed sealed structure to allow fuel storage. An example of this type is the "wet wing" commonly used in larger planes. Since these tanks are part of the aircraft structure, they can not be removed for service or inspection. An inspection panel shall be provided to enable internal inspection, repair and servicing of the entire tank. Most large transport aircraft use this system, storing fuel in the wings, abdomen, and sometimes the tail of the plane.
- A rigid removable tank is installed in a compartment designed to accommodate the tank. They are usually metal construction, and can be moved for inspection, replacement, or repair. The aircraft does not rely on the tank for structural integrity. These tanks are usually found in smaller smaller aircraft, such as Cessna 172.
- The bladder tank, or fuel cell, is a reinforced rubber bag mounted on an aircraft structure section designed to accommodate the weight of the fuel. The bladder is rolled up and attached to the compartment through the fuel filler neck or access panel, and secured using a metal button or locked inside the compartment. Many high-performance light aircraft, helicopters and some smaller turboprops use a bladder tank. One of the main sides of this type of tank is the tendency of the material to work harder through widespread use that makes them fragile and cause cracks. One plus plus side is the ability to use as many planes as possible to store fuel.
- Combat planes and helicopters generally use self-sealing fuel tanks.
Fuel tanks have been implicated in aviation disasters, be the cause of the accident or worsen (fuel tank explosion). As an example: The official "probable cause" for the explosion and accident of the TWA Flight 800 is the explosion of fuel/air mixture in one of the aircraft's fuel tanks. The wrong cable then provides an ignition source inside the tank, destroying the aircraft. While the accuracy of the official findings is still questionable in this case, similar explosions occurred on other aircraft. It is possible to reduce the possibility of explosion of fuel tanks by inerting the fuel tank system or the fire fighting foam in the tank.
In some areas, aircraft fuel tanks are also referred to as aircraft fuel cells .
Water supply
The water supply system can have primary power or reserves supplied by diesel-fueled generators fed by a small "day tank" and a much larger mass storage fuel tank.
Security
The proper design and construction of the fuel tank play a major role in the security of the system in which the tank is its part. In most cases the whole fuel tank is very safe, because the tank is filled with a mixture of fuel/air well above the flammable limit, and thus can not be burned even if the ignition source is present (which is rare).
Round oil tanks are used to store domestic heating oil safely and other hazardous materials. Bunds are often required by insurance companies, rather than single-oil storage tanks.
Some systems, such as BattleJacket and rubber bladders, have been developed and deployed for use in protecting (from explosions caused by enemy fire) of military vehicle fuel tanks in conflict zones.
See also
References
External links
- Reduction of Fuel Tank Flammability in Aircraft Transportation Category (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).
- Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee
- US. Launches New Rules On Aircraft Fuel Tank, by US Department of Transportation.
- 2005 Ford GT Powertrain
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments