The socket lock is the type of wrench or wrench that has the socket attached at one end, usually used to rotate the binders.
The most common form is ratcheting wrenches, often informally called ratchet . The ratcheting socket lock is a device inside the hand tool where the metal handle is attached to the ratcheting mechanism, which is attached to the socket. This in turn fits into the type of bolt or nut. Pulled or pushed in one direction, ratchet loosen or tighten bolts or nuts attached to the socket. Turning the other way, the ratchet does not rotate the socket but allows the ratchet handle to be re-positioned for another round while still attached to the bolt or nut. This ratcheting action allows fast fasteners to tighten or loosen up bit by bit without breaking the tool from the binder. A switch is built into ratchet head that allows the user to apply ratcheting action in both directions, as needed, to tighten or loosen fasteners. Other common methods of swivel sockets include pneumatic impact wrenches, hydraulic torque wrenches, torque multipliers and breaker bars. Some of the lesser known hybrid drivers include a striking wrench with square drive, and hydraulic impact wrenches (usually powered by hydraulic power at locations such as those with military tanks, and many car train applications).
Socket passes are most often hexagonal, or more commonly referred to as "6-point" in layman's terms. The socket is driven by an attached to the driving tool through a male/female square connection fitting (called a square drive ). Standard sizes of square drives around the world include 1/4 ", 3/8", 1/2 ", 3/4", 1 ", 1-1/2", 2-1/2 "and 3-1/2 "square drive size (de facto international standard without metric equivalent) along with less used drivers like 5/8" square drives, and spline drives # 4 and # 5 specified in ANSI Specifications B107 Various this square drive size provides various types and sizes of sockets that fit very small nuts and bolts.Some rectangular drivers have a translucent hole to plug the socket into the driver (using an o-ring and pin-type retaining ring, or a single part of the retaining ring that molded pins, or friction balls Some common hand ratchet use quick release buttons on top of them for quick socket release from smaller sockets The tool chosen to drive the wrench socket ends up supplying the mechanical advantage required by the user to provide torque the dip necessary to loosen or tighten the fasteners that may be needed. Larger drivers are typicall y used with higher torque, while smaller drivers are used for convenience in smaller lower torque applications. Given the limits of human strength and fatigue, torques above 600Ã, ft-lbs of torque will usually involve some kind of power assist, instead of the user just pushing on the wrench handle. Sockets and very large drivers are usually powered by hydraulics to achieve torque.
A socket is usually a cylinder that has six or twelve female insertion holes the size of which corresponds to the common male hexagonal head of a bolt or nut fastener. The opposite end of the socket key has a standard (ANSI B107, ISO, or other consensus standard) square recess to accept the size of the drive wrench. Male drivers are also manufactured for use with head socket screws, and are often called Allen drivers (trademarks) or male generic bit drivers
The main advantage of interchangeable sockets is that, instead of separate keys for each of different sizes and types of fasteners, only separate sockets are required for each size and type. Because of its versatility, almost all types of screws and bolts now have sockets of various types that are made to fit the bolts or nuts. Sockets often come as "socket sets" with different sizes or sockets to fit different sized heads. A ratchet of "set size" is often included with the socket set. Sockets are generally available in inch and metric, and short (shallow) and longer (in) varieties.
Video Socket wrench
Histori
Wrenches in the form of sockets - that is, female drivers to cover male heads - have been around for centuries. Early examples include keys used for wind-watch since the Middle Ages. Heads and sockets are usually square; hex heads eventually became more common starting in the 20th century. The ratcheting socket lock, with exchangeable socket (indexed), was created by Americans, J.J. Richardson, from Woodstock, Vermont, USA. This tool is patented (Pat. No. 38.914) through the American Scientific Patent Board on June 16, 1863. The first illustration of this tool appears in pg. 248 from 16 April 1864 edition of Scientific American. In current English usage, the term "socket key" connotes an indexable socket so strong that most English speakers will refuse to call non-racked, non-racheting, and socket-head large socket keys.
Heads and square sockets are the easiest to make in an era when hand filing is a common method of making. With the proliferation of modern manufacturing methods, such as milling, shaping, exploration, and sophisticated forgery, it is easy to make heads and hex sockets as squares. The hex form allows more heartbreaking in limited environments (where adjacent obstacles preclude wing swing), since fewer degrees are required on each swing before it is possible to position the wrench into the next flat arrangement. Ratchet's wrench further reduces this problem, because the wrench just needs to swing as many degrees as needed for ratchet lap to catch the next gear.
Maps Socket wrench
Type of wrench
Mains outlet
Interchangeable socket
Ratcheting
A number of other special ratchet - with hammer heads, multiple drive sizes, and other unusual features - are built by various manufacturers.
Non-ratcheting
Supported
There are also versions of ratchet "air" (pneumatic) power tools that use the power of compressed air to drive an air-powered socket that tightens or loosens nuts or bolts. The main variety of both compressed air-powered tools is the impact of wrenches used for common tasks such as wheel nuts. Electric power-fitting wrenches for the same task are not uncommon. Small 12 volt and 18 volt wireless driver drivers are often used today as a powerful ratchet to remove and install nuts and bolts. Hydraulic motor rompets with higher torque characteristics are rare outside heavy industry. Sockets used for collision tasks (called "impact sockets") are made with thicker walls and are forged with lesser force so as not to break under the impact of the impact tool. They are usually finished in black oxide rather than the usual chrome plating of various hand tools. Standard sockets (ie sockets without impact) may crash if used with impact wrenches, pose a security risk.
Socket type
There are two main socket type keys: the impact socket and the hand socket. A common socket is colloquially referred to by counting the number of "points" (pointing to the wall angle) present in the form of socket opening of a nut. For example, the hexagon shape is generally called the "6 point" socket because of the hexagon shape of 6 "points" where the wall intersects to make six pointed sharp corners. This system of descriptions using "points" generally works well in avoiding confusion, with the exception of "8-point" and "12-point" where two highly incompatible forms exist with both having 8 "points" and 12 "points". Most of the more common nuts and head bolts are produced with 6-point hexagonal clutches. Less commonly used shapes include a 4-point square, 12-point square (not necessarily confused with 12-point double hexagon), 8-point octagonal (not to be confused with the more common 8-point double square shape). This less common form is usually found in specific specialized applications or industries such as airplanes, PVC pipe fittings or cars made in Germany and the UK. With rail cars, valve adjustment screws, and pipe plugs, 4-point rectangular drives can still be found in widespread use in both male and female configurations. The nuts and head bolts are also produced in the form of 12-point double hexagons and various types of splines, more common for aircraft and aerospace applications. Most larger socket manufacturers for bolts produce it in 6-point (hexagonal) sizes and are limited from 12-dot (double hexagonal) configurations.
The male bit drivers are sometimes mistakenly referred to as "sockets", but are in fact the opposite of the sockets, in bits of drivers that match the head socket screws or pipe connectors, rather than fitting over the male driver's head on the nut or bolt as the socket does. A socket is a recess or opening "female" that receives another object, together as a fitting connection. The socket is not a prominent "male" connection. Common male bit drivers for this type include Allen hex wrenches (both in metric and inch shards), Torx (T-3 thru T-50) spline, 4-point (rectangular), and 12-point (triple square) male bit drivers. Other special screw heads that are often installed or removed with a handle of the right type of screwdriver and tip type have socket varieties that match the different types of screw heads and can be attached to socket locks. Conversely, for low torque situations, the handle of a "spinner socket" screwdriver with fitted socket type sockets at one end can be attached to various socket types, bit drivers and extensions.
Socket locks, with the right socket type, can be used to loosen or tighten a variety of fasteners at a lower cost, easier and often more torque than can be applied with the handle of a screwdriver. The common use of these different "screw" head socket types is to connect to the socket-outlet version (collision socket) that allows fasteners to be loosen or tightened faster and stronger than hand-held.
When working with a regular 6-point hexagonal fastener, a 12-point socket offers double the number of starting points or possible positions to place the socket on the nut. This is very important on a box lock that is usually adjusted in 15 or 30 degrees increments. The versatility of the mounting position is usually less important in socket locks that can be easily rotated little by little regardless of the socket type. Because the contact point between the nut and the socket is at the point angle (not flat), twelve point sockets have more than enough power for most applications where the nut and socket are in good condition. If the nut or socket is rounded off by wear, using a "double" socket is more likely to result in slippage or further rounding and possibly stripping either the head bolt, nut or socket. This versatility is the main purpose of the 12-point form found in the common socket, but is very important when working with 12-point bolts and heads. Socket strength is primarily a function of the alloy and heat treatment used to make the socket along with the key wall thickness of the socket as measured at the angle (the thinnest).
A specially made "wobble" or play socket, which has a separate header socket and a socket lock connection. This allows the socket to vibrate or rotate at a limited distance, separate from the socket lock or tool position, when mounted on a bolt or nut. This may be a distinct advantage in some applications with limited access. This "wobble/spin" socket, with its distinctive swivel jacks and socket connections, is made in various types and sizes including deep, shallow, collision, three square. They are often found in impact sets because they can be built more powerfully than common universal common sockets.
Many types and sizes of sockets are available with a universal connection between sockets and ratchet attachments for fasteners or fasteners that are not easily accessible with socket locks, plus default socket settings . There is also a short universal extension connection that allows the socket to be attached to a ratchet with a universal connection between the two. Shake extensions can serve the same purpose and may be easier to use because they often provide socket attachments that are more dense without all the general flexibility to a universal shared socket.
Some special sockets are made with special sockets "6 flute" etc. Which attaches to the damaged bolts either from the metric size and the fraction of an inch to be released. Some special sockets are designed to fit certain specific applications and are designed and sized for specific applications. Spark socket, oxygen sensor socket, ball joint sockets, wheelchairs socket, etc. Login in this category.
Due to circular movements or cam sockets on bolts or head nuts, almost all torque is applied at or near the corner of the nut or bolt. Whether one uses a twelve or six-point socket, the same pressure is applied in the same location. Under load, most flat flats do not touch the socket at all. Only a small number of surfaces near the corner of the fasteners bear the torque load. In almost any application that is too pressing bolts or nuts will result in stripping of bolts or nuts or broken bolts long before the socket will break. Thicker and thicker impact sockets are made for the use of impact weapons. Sometimes when the corners of the heads of bolts or nuts start to become damaged or worn, the material of the nuts made from the end can foul or tear under the load and create a situation where the angle is effectively "rounded". Some socket users believe that six point sockets tend not to damage the heads of fasteners, but evaluation tools and lab test documents that there is no difference in performance. A distorted or rusty fastening head may not fit a six-point socket but a twelve-point socket can be made to fit. When the head of the fasteners "rounded" nuts or bolts, often can not be played without special repair or extraction tools. These rounded heads can lead to substantial penalties, either directly or indirectly. Faulty fasteners often inhibit the routine assembly and dismantling of host components that depend on it, which in turn may prevent users from performing normal maintenance procedures. Troubleshooting may require costs and effort, and potentially exclude valuable equipment until the damaged component parts have been replaced.
Over the years, almost all qualified socket manufacturers have introduced convex walls and other similar optimizations to the socket geometry in an effort to minimize the problem. This change is intended to spread the torque used far from the corner of the fastener and instead target the thicker and more reinforced areas of the head nuts or bolts. Successful design can greatly reduce the possibility of eroding the vulnerable corner areas of fasteners, with increased benefits due to nut or head bolts subjected to higher and higher loads. Such design modification strategies are usually not expensive to implement and have proven to be commercially successful, particularly in the automotive maintenance and repair sector.
The Spline socket has a ridge in the center of the side wall and contact the binder at the midpoint of the side estimate. As a result, this socket increases the usable torque without damaging the head of the fasteners and may be the best option to release jammed or jammed fasteners. An additional benefit is that the required tolerance accuracy is minimized, and one socket can correctly fit the wider headband size. Spline sockets are sometimes sold as "universal" sets because the same socket can fit both the SAE and the head metric binder.
Plug and impact driver
Many applications use electric wrenches or electric impact wrenches or impact drivers to provide the amount of shock and torque required to tighten or loosen the different bolts or nuts used. Inside the impact wrench there is a rotating hammer, usually driven by electricity or air pressure, which is used to gradually rotate the output shaft. The impact wrench is designed to produce high torque output with minimal user deployment, by storing energy in a rotating mass, then sending it suddenly to the output shaft via hammering action. While typical impact wrenches provide between 500 and 1,500 ft-lbs of torque, some larger impact wrenches such as Ingersoll Rand 599A1 can deliver near 80,000 ft-lb (10850 Nm) of torque sufficient to tighten hex nuts 7 "in flats Even if sockets attached to the impact wrench are unchanged, still exposed to successive shock blows by internal impact lock hammers (s). These successive punches are often sufficient to loosen or tighten rough or rusty nuts or bolts or in some cases rupture or strips fasteners The impact of a hard socket on a socket because a socket is used also gets hammered.Customer chrome plated "hand socket" as is usually supplied with ratchet hand wrenches unsuitable for this high load load application, hand sockets, when used with impact wrenches, may break or explode explosively if used with impact wrenches. Impact sockets are designed and manufactured a special way to use impact guns, and is almost always made of thicker, harder and more ductile alloy steel which is then given heat treatment for extra durability. Most collision sockets made for "standard" hexagonal fasteners have a six point design. For more flexibility, many impact sockets are made with the turn type socket - key socket geometry lock. This impact socket is rare, if ever, chrome plated, as chrome will be damaged by impact, and hardened chrome steel hardening causes some hydrogen embrittlement that can cause cracking. In contrast, the most common impact sockets are solved with black oxide surfaces or other conversion treatments to provide corrosion and rust protection and improved appearance even after the use of a hard wrench. Although regular hand sockets should not be used with impact wrenches, impact sockets can be used with hand socket wrenches and other hand movers.
Long and long sockets
Sockets are available in various depths or lengths, often shared by most manufacturers into two "standard" and "in" categories in accordance with the established ANSI or DIN standards and tolerances allowed by the specifications for each socket length. Because the standard allows flexibility in tolerance, it is common to see two manufacturers making inner sockets of the same size but with slightly different depths although both meet the same specifications. The standard length, otherwise known as a "shallow" socket, has a lower profile and allows the user to access the nuts in the narrow space. The inner socket is useful for turning the nut to the bolt when the bolt extends up into the socket (as in the case of many bolt connections), a very typical example is the exhaust clamp bolt on the car.
Although most manufacturers only offer the size and depth described in the general ANSI or DIN specifications, some exceptions do exist. Special manufacturers such as IMPERIAL-Newton Corp. offer an expanded in-line "deep" socket suite for specialized industrial applications; and popular brands like Snap-on or Mac Tools offer so-called "semi-deep" or "mid-length" sockets, which provide deep depth of sockets while fitting in more tight locations.
Pass-through and ratchet sockets
Some sockets are designed to have the same diameter and outer shape in a given set size. Each pass-through socket, in a given socket set, is designed to be used with a special "custom" ratchet that fits on the outside of the socket and not to the center of the socket. By installing the outer sockets they allow the bolt or stud to extend through the socket, eliminating the need for deep sockets in some applications. By sticking to the outer sockets, they also allow sockets to be built up to 50% shorter and with a width of 20% less which is an advantage in some situations. Pass-through sockets and ratchet are built for 1/4 ", 3/8" and 1/2 "sets in SAE and metric size.With the use of fine gear ratchet and socket systems that allow ratchet pass-throughs to be used as conventional ratchet handles with proprietary 1/4-inch and 3/8 inch drives, some ratchet can be used with standard sockets.This series is made by a number of manufacturers with various trade names Craftsman Tools called it - Max Axess , and also sell GearWrench's Pass-Thru brands.Lowes call their socket system Xtreme Access , etc. Ratcheting end of box keys can often be used in the same application, but almost always significantly more large.
Accessories
These are some common accessories used with 1/4 ", 3/8", 1/2 ", etc. Socket fitting lock:
- Extensions , sometimes called "arm extender", attached to the socket at one end and ratchet at the other end of the extension. This "lengthens" the socket length and allows access to the nuts or bolts that are hard to reach. Extensions are typically 1/2 "to 20" in 1 "to 3" increments. Sometimes they are tied together to get the required length extension.
- Shake the extension has a socket connection ending to ground to allow the extension socket interface to bend to about 15 degrees. This additional flexibility often makes the use of extension sockets in more narrow locations easier. The 1 "to 1-1/2" long wag extension added to the end of any extension will convert it into a slightly longer "wobble" extension.
- Extension Helper is a collar with matching indentation at the back of most extensions preventing it from rolling over and allows one to easily hold extensions and fingers tighten or loosen nuts and bolts by rotating socket extensions with or without ratchet.
- Ratchet Spinners are short extensions (about 1-1/2 ") that have their knurled attachments for easy handling or loosen up without ratchet handles.
- Adapter size allows sockets of one drive size to be used with ratchet from other drive sizes. They consist of mounting a male drive of one size attached to another femme size drive fitting. They are usually about 1 "long.For example, 1/4 in. To 3/8 in. Adapter allows socket with 1/4 in. Drive hole to attach to 3/8 in. Ratchet, etc.
- Universal joints are two articulated socket joints (about 1 "long) that are combined at right angles, allowing bends on the wrench and socket spin axes are used with extensions and ratchet for turning bolts or nuts in locations that are difficult to access The shake extension can be overridden for some universal connection apps and has the advantage of not swaying too much.
See also
- Torque lock
- Hydraulic torque lock
- Impact wrench
- Peter Roberts (18-year-old Sears employee who invented the "loose" spanner in the 1970s and sold the idea to Sears for US $ 10,000) was then subjected to an unjust enrichment case that ended with the help of Roberts for $ 8.9 million).
References
External links
- Table socket and size of American nut in inches
- Video manufacturing Ratchet
- Video making sockets
- ASME B107 - specifications for Socket Wrenches, Handles, and Attachments
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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