The rate of respiration is the rate at which breathing occurs. These are usually measured in breaths per minute and regulated, and controlled by the respiratory center.
Video Respiratory rate
Measurement
Respiratory rate in humans is measured when a person is at rest and involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting the number of times the chest rises. Fiber optic breath rate sensors can be used to monitor patients during magnetic resonance imaging scans. Respiratory rate may increase with fever, illness, or other medical conditions.
Inaccuracies in respiratory measurements have been reported in the literature. One study comparing respiratory rates was calculated using a count period of 90 seconds, up to one full minute, and found significant differences in numbers. Another study found that rapid breathing rates in infants, calculated using a stethoscope, were 60-80% higher than those calculated from the side of the bed without the aid of a stethoscope. The same results are seen in animals when they are handled and left untreated - the invasive touch seems to be enough to make significant changes in breathing.
Various other methods of measuring respiratory rate are commonly used, including impedance pneumography, and capnography that are generally implemented in patient monitoring. In addition, new techniques to monitor respiratory rate automatically by using a usable sensor are under development, such as estimation of respiratory rates of electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram, and accelerometry signals.
Maps Respiratory rate
Normal range
For humans, the typical respiratory rate for healthy adults at rest is 12-18 breaths per minute. The respiratory center regulates a quiet breathing rhythm for about two seconds to breathe and three seconds of breathing. This provides a lower than average rate of 12 breaths per minute.
The mean respiratory rate of rest by age is:
- was born 6 weeks: 30-40 breaths per minute
- 6 months: 25-40 breaths per minute
- 3 years: 20-30 breaths per minute
- 6 years: 18-25 breaths per minute
- 10 years: 17-23 breaths per minute
- Adult: 12-18 breaths per minute
- Elderly> = 65 years: 12-28 breaths per minute.
- Elderly> = 80 years: 10-30 breaths per minute.
Minute volume
The minute breathing volume is the volume of air inhaled (minute inhalation volume) or exhaled (minute exhaling volume) of the lungs in one minute.
Diagnostic value
Respiratory rate values ​​as an indicator of the potential for respiratory dysfunction have been investigated but the findings suggest it is of limited value.
One study found that only 33% of people who came to the emergency department with oxygen saturation below 90% had an elevated rate of respiration. Evaluating the respiratory rate to differentiate the severity of the disease in infants under 6 months found it would not be very useful. About half of babies have respiratory rates above 50 breaths per minute, thus questioning the value of having a "cut-off" at 50 breaths per minute as a serious indicator of respiratory illness.
It has also been reported that factors such as crying, sleeping, agitation and age have a significant effect on the respiratory rate. As a result of these and similar studies, the rate of respiratory rate as a serious disease indicator is limited.
Nonetheless, respiratory rates are widely used to monitor the physiology of hospital patients who are acutely ill. It is measured regularly to facilitate the identification of changes in physiology along with other vital signs. This practice has been widely adopted as part of an early warning system.
Abnormal breathing rate
- Apnea
- Dyspnea
- Hyperpnea
- Tachypnea
- Hypopnea
- Bradypnea
- Ortopnea
- Platypnea
- Biot Respiracy
- Cheyne-Stokes respiration
- Kussmaul breathe
See also
- Subparabrachial nucleus - the brain stem nucleus that regulates the respiratory rate
- Respiratory system
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments