Hurricane Ike ( ) is a powerful tropical storm that hit parts of the Greater Antilen and North America in September 2008, inflicting damage to infrastructure and agriculture, particularly in Cuba and Texas.. The ninth tropical storm, the fifth storm, and the third big storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season, Ike evolved from the tropical waves west of Cape Verde on September 1 and strengthened to peak intensity as a category 4 hurricane in open water. Atlantic on 4 September when traced to the west. Some power fluctuations occurred before Ike landed in eastern Cuba on 8 September. The storm weakened before continuing into the Gulf of Mexico, but increased its intensity during its final landing in Galveston, Texas on September 13. Ike's remains continue to track across the United States and into Canada, causing great damage in the interior, before disappearing two days later.
Ike blamed at least 195 deaths. Of these deaths, 74 are in Haiti, already struggling to recover from the effects of three hurricanes (Fay, Gustav, and Hanna) who had made the landfall that same year. Seven people were killed in Cuba by Ike. In the United States, 113 people were reported killed, directly or indirectly, and 16 still missing in August 2011. Due to its enormous size, Ike caused the destruction of the Louisiana coast all the way to the Kenedy County area near Corpus Christi, Texas. In addition, Ike caused significant flooding and damage along the coastline of Mississippi and Florida Panhandle Damages from Ike on US and inland coastlands estimated at $ 30 billion (2008 USD), with additional damage of $ 7.3 billion in Cuba (most storms expensive in the country), $ 200 million in the Bahamas, and $ 500 million in Turks and Caicos, for a total damage of at least $ 38 billion. At that time, the cyclone was the second most expensive in the history of the United States; it was later surpassed by Sandy's storm (2012), Harvey (2017), Irma (2017), and Maria (2017). Search and rescue operations after Ike was the largest search and rescue operation in Texas history.
Video Hurricane Ike
Riwayat meteorologi
The origins of Hurricane Ike can be traced back to a well-defined tropical wave identified by the National Hurricane CenterÃ, (NHC) just on the west coast of Africa on 28 August. Although its development is low. - pressure areas associated with waves and organizational signs in favorable conditions near the Cape Verde Islands, the system is capable of producing only intermittent lightning storm activity. The broad low pressure continues to move westward and is considered to be well organized to be classified as tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on September 1st. At the moment the cyclone has tracked 780 miles (1,260 kilometers) west of Cape Verde.. Although post-analysis showed that depression reached the strength of tropical storms at 12:00 UTC that day, operational NHCs began issuing advice about Ike three hours later, by which time the system had gained many established curves and outflows. Over the next few hours, Ike developed an additional rain bandar, but failed to centralized convection areas due to the dry air to the south of the storm and its location in areas with only slightly favorable sea surface temperatures. These factors are also responsible for Ike's slow development trends that begin after formation.
Ike's gradual strengthening began to rise earlier on Sept. 3, with the strengthening of intense rain bands around the center of the storm. Around 15:00 noon that day, microwave imaging showed that the primordial eye developed in an increasing tropical cyclone. Tracking northwest, the NHC increased the status of Hurricane Ike at 18:00 UTC based on estimates of the intensity of objective satellites and eye appearance on visible satellite imagery. During this time, Ike was centered at 690 mi (1.110 km) northeast of the Leeward Islands and traced west-northwest as a result of a weakening subtropical ridge to the northeast. The placement of Ike in an area with virtually no wind shear allows for a storm to undergo explosive intensification despite an unfavorable upper level winds to the north, reaching a massive storm force six hours after staging as a storm. At 06:00 UTC on September 4, Ike reached its peak with maximum sustained winds of 145 miles per hour (233 kilometers per hour) and a minimum barometric pressure of 935 millibars (27.6 inches of mercury), making the storm as Category 4 on Saffir. Windstorm scale -Simpson. Having peaked with strength, the high-pressure ridge to the west of the storm strengthens, causing Ike to head southwest - an unusual path for the whole year. However, this pathway also brought storms into the high winds, causing the storm to be asymmetrical in the structure at the end of September 4 and weakening, falling briefly under the status of a massive storm on Sept. 6 while 150 miles (240 km) east of Grand Turk Island. Although winds are reduced and allow for reintensification, Ike will fluctuate in strength over the next few days. After passing near the Turks and Caicos Islands, Ike made his first landing at Inagua in the Bahamas at 13:00 UTC on September 7 with a wind of 125 mph (201 km/h).
After passing Inagua, the development of a double eyewall - a feature that usually shows the beginning of the eyewall replacement cycle - slightly weakened Ike late on September 7th. However, the typhoon was able to re-enforce and reach Category 4 intensity for the last time before making a landing near Cabo Lucrecia on the coast of HolguÃÆ'n Province in Cuba at 00:00 UTC on the following day. Although Ike remains well-defined for most of the eastern Cuban crossings, the core of the storm has been disrupted by the time it has reached the Caribbean Sea after spending several hours on land. On the following day, Ike traced westward, along the southern coast of Cuba without much intensification; sometimes the center of the storm is within 12 miles (19 km) of the island. At approximately 14:00 UTC on September 9, Ike made a second Cuban landing, this time at Punta La Capitana at Pinar del Rio, with 80 mph (130 km/h) wind. About six hours later, the cyclone emerged into the Gulf of Mexico as a slightly weakened system.
Although tracking back on water, Ike's long interaction with Cuba has severely disrupted the core of the system, and instead of rapidly reinforcing and uniting, the storm wind field grew and there was only gradual intensification. Due to the relatively small inner storm core and the intensity of the outdoor buoy, a spy replacement cycle occurs, preventing Ike from rapidly intensifying. At about the same time, the high-pressure area is reinforced to the north of the storm, directing the cyclone to the west farther than previously thought. Moving on the warm water of the Loop Current, Ike reaches the secondary minimum in the barometer pressure at 00: 00 UTC with an estimated 944 mbar (27.9 inHg); although the wind will continue to strengthen after that, storm pressure will increase. At the end of September 12, Ike had reached the western edge of the high pressure area nearby and began to curve northward. The eye formation shortly before the landing resulted in a slight increase in the wind, and at 0700 UTC on September 13, Ike made a landing at the northeastern tip of Galveston Island in Texas, with a minimum barometric pressure of 950 mbar (28 in inHg) and a continuous wind of 110 mph (180 km/h), making Ike a category 2 hurricane. After tracing the hinterland, Ike weakened as he drove north and then northeast, weakening into tropical cyclone status east of Palestine, Texas on September 13 and later into a powerful extratropical cyclone on September 14th over the Ozarks. A more stable phase of attenuation occurs, and after tracing in the southern parts of Ontario and Quebec, Ike's remains are absorbed by other extratropical lowlands near St. Lawrence, on September 15th.
Maps Hurricane Ike
Preparation
Turks and Caicos and Bahamas
Afraid of the repetition of Hurricane Donna in 1960, the British Red Cross's overseas branch began to prepare an emergency plan for 2,000 families considered to be at risk from Ike. A group of Chinese construction workers were trapped in Middle Caicos after Hurricane Hanna's journey was evacuated by the British Red Cross. Immediately before the storm hit, 348 people in Grand Turk were put into emergency shelters.
Florida
On September 5, Florida Governor Charlie Crist declared a state of emergency before Ike's arrival, (which is expected to begin on 8 September). The authorities in Key West issued a mandatory evacuation for all visitors for 6 September. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) positions supply, and emergency response crews in Florida and along the Gulf Coast.
Florida Keys officials start evacuation in the gradual lowland islands, starting at the end in Key West at 8 am Sunday and continuing throughout the day - during the day for the Central Key, and at 4 pm for the Upper Key, including Key Largo. The visitors were told to go on Saturday. Overall 15,000 tourists were evacuated, but the storm remained in the south, only causing small coastal erosion.
Texas
On September 7, the Texas Water/Wastewater Response Network (TXWARN) activated its 700-member mutual support network and began coordinating with the State Emergency Operations Center and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) to begin preparations and notices for utilities to prepare Ike. The country's rural water association activated a mutual aid network to prepare for Ike landings while still providing relief to areas affected by Hurricane Gustav. The Texas Water Association of Rural States held a meeting with state agencies on September 9, to plan a landing along the Texas Gulf Coast.
On September 11th, forecasting models began to show Ike making the mainland in southern Galveston. City manager Steven LeBlanc on Wednesday night issued mandatory evacuation orders for a low western tip on Galveston Island. Then, the mandatory evacuation order is extended to the entire Galveston island, as well as the lowland areas around Houston, Texas. The mandatory evacuation is also ordered for Jefferson, Orange, and Chambers County located east of Houston. Voluntary evacuations apply to Hardin and Tyler as well as the counties of Newton and Jasper. Residents evacuate before Ike is accepted by emergency workers at the Metroplex Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) where they are provided shelter, medical care, and provisions. In addition to the orders of local and state officials, federal officials are actually involved in evacuation decisions. On September 10, US President George W. Bush made an emergency declaration for Texas, making more federal aid available for preparation and evacuation. More than a million people fled before Hurricane Ike, but more than 100,000 people did not.
At 8:19 pm (CDT) on September 11, the National Weather Service in Houston/Galveston, Texas produced a very harsh bulletin about a storm surge along the Galveston Bay coastline. The bulletin suggested that people living in single-family homes in parts of the Texas coast face "certain deaths" if they do not heed the order to evacuate. Reports say as many as 40 percent of Galveston residents do not pay attention to the warning. It is feared to be the same in Port Arthur, and it is estimated that the lowland areas between Morgan City, Louisiana and Baffin Bay, Texas, especially the eastern areas of eye projection are expected to experience the greatest damage from storm surges of up to 20 feet (6.1 m).
Gas prices are rising in hopes of damaging several oil refineries along the coast of South Texas, or at least delaying production from oil and gas rigs in the Gulf of Mexico. 14 oil refineries shut down production and nearly 150 oil tankers and cargo ships await offshore as every port from Lake Charles, Louisiana to Corpus Christi, Texas is closed for storm preparation.
Impact
Turks and Caicos and Bahamas Islands
Power is lost across Grand Turk Island, about 80% -95% of houses are damaged, 20% of which is total loss. There is also significant structural damage to roofs and buildings that contain health services that result in the disruption of most healthcare services. Local pharmaceutical roofs collapsed, destroying the supply of regional prescription drugs, police stations, and prisons were severely damaged and local supply facilities damaged or destroyed. Water and electricity are also disrupted but because it has been restored.
Meanwhile, in South Caicos, 95% of homes are also damaged, with more than a third damaged or significantly destroyed. A two-year yacht terminal in South Caicos owned by Carnival Cruise Lines was heavily damaged. Damage also occurs in other islands, mostly farming or fishing industries, but in general, the damage is small.
Buildings on the islands have been severely weakened and 750 people have lost their homes. Due to the extent and magnitude of the damage and affect of the population, the Turks and Caicos Government declared the disaster area of ​​Grand Turk and the South Caicos Islands.
On the Great Inagua Island, Bahamas, eighty percent of homes were damaged by nearly a third of them suffering significant damage. The local Morton Salt plant is damaged and operations are closed. Several prominent islands suffered minor damage and no casualties were reported. The overall damage from Turkey and the Caicos and Bahamas is estimated at between $ 50 million and $ 200 million.
Haiti
Ike's outer bands caused an additional flood in Haiti, which had been destroyed by Hanna and also hit hard by Fay and Gustav. The last bridge still standing in the town of GonaÃÆ'¯ves was wiped out, slowing down aid in the community and creating a deep humanitarian and food crisis in the affected region. 74 deaths were reported in Haiti from Ike, mostly in the coastal communities of Cabaret that were swept away by floods and mudslides. Haitian Prime Minister Michére¨le Pierre-Louis asked for help by the end of the week, saying that four storms in three weeks had killed more than 550 people and as many as one million homeless. He also said that the GonaÃÆ'¯ves parts were badly damaged so the city might have to be rebuilt elsewhere. Two additional deaths were reported in the Dominican Republic.
Cuban
About 2.6 million Cubans, a quarter of the population, were evacuated in front of Ike. In Baracoa, 200 homes were reportedly destroyed and waves running 23Ã, ft (7 m) high and peaking at 40Ã, ft (12 m) in various Cuban regions. Category 4 hurricanes made landfall on September 8 on the northern eastern coast of Cuba in the province of HolguÃÆ'n near Puerto de Sama, with continuous winds of around 130 mph (209 km/h), causing widespread flooding and damage in the eastern provinces. It crosses the central provinces of HolguÃÆ'n, Las Tunas, and CamagÃÆ'¼ey, which appear over the sea to southern Cuba by day. Ike fell into Category One intensity at that time across the island. Then follow the southern coast of Cuba and cross the western tip of the island in the province of Pinar del RÃÆ'o, close to the road traveled by Hurricane Gustav ten days earlier. The western region of Cuba, already destroyed just 10 days before Ike was hit, suffered a massive additional flood from rain and storm surges. The sugarcane plant was destroyed, with over 3,400 square kilometers (1,300 m²) destroyed. Banana, yucca, coffee and maize also suffered significant damage. Together with Gustav, they are portrayed as the "worst ever" storm by Cuban officials.
In total, seven people died in Cuba from Ike because of sinking or collapsing structures. More than 300,000 homes were damaged, with an estimated 43,000 total losses. Estimated combined damage from Ike and Gustav, and managed Paloma was about $ 9.7 billion (USD), with $ 7.3 billion of it from Ike, making Ike the most destructive storm in Cuba's history.
United States
Due to the intensity of the storm, Texas closed many chemical plants and refineries. Since many of the United States oil refining capacity is located in Texas, the closure leads to temporary increases in gasoline prices, home heating oil, and natural gas. The increase is very high in North Carolina, especially in the mountains, where the average price is 60 cents higher than the national average. The closure of the refinery so soon after Hurricane Gustav, and the time it took to restart production, also led to a shortage of gasoline in places like Carolinas and Tennessee, partly as a result of panic buying. 113 direct and indirect deaths have been reported in the US, including 85 in Texas (18 direct), eight in Louisiana, one in Arkansas, two in Tennessee, one in Kentucky, seven in Indiana, four in Missouri, two in Illinois, two in Michigan, seven in Ohio and one in Pennsylvania. As of August 2011, 16 people are still missing, 11 of which are in the Galveston area. On September 15, 2008, the United States Congress held a brief pause for those who died in the cyclone.
MV Antalina
On September 11, MV Antalina , a cargo ship measuring 584 feet, was one of the ships that left Port Arthur to avoid a storm. The ship has 22 crew and carrying petroleum coke cargo. On September 12, the ship's engine failed, and the ship was floating 90 nautical miles (170 km) from shore. The crew failed to try to repair the engine and asked to be evacuated by the Coast Guard, but the rescue mission was canceled because the weather conditions were not within the security parameters. The crew is forced to ride a storm but keep in touch with the Coast Guard. The ship managed to ride a storm and all 22 crew members were not injured. On September 13, a tug boat was sent to return the ship to the port.
Louisiana
The storm surge in front of Ike blew across the mainland of Louisiana far ahead of predicted Ike landings in Texas on September 13. The area on the south-central and southwestern coast of Louisiana, some of which were flooded by Gustav, were flooded again due to Ike. Some areas that have not recovered from Gustav's power outage receive additional blackouts, amounting to 200,000. The hardest hit area is in and around Cameron Parish, with almost every square inch of coastline in the area submerged by floods, reaching as far north as Lake Charles, nearly 30 miles to the mainland. Hundreds of people must be saved, including 363 people rescued by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Search and Rescue team along with Louisiana National Guard and US Coast Guard.
One person was killed in a flooded bayou in Terrebonne Parish, and wind-related deaths were reported near Houma. Two other deaths occurred in a car accident in the evacuation phase at Iberville Parish, and two other storm-related deaths in Jefferson Davis Parish were caused by natural causes.
Texas
On the morning of September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike's eyes approached the upper Texas coast, making landfall at 2:10 am CDT on the eastern tip of Galveston Island, with high storm surges, and traveling northward to Galveston Bay, along the east Houston ( see storm-lined image ). People in the lowlands who do not heed evacuation orders, in one or two-story family homes, are warned by weather services that they face a "certain death" from a storm surge overnight. Nearly 16,000 families in the Galveston-Houston area live in temporary shelters under a federal housing program, while 1700 are referred for aid but can not be reached or denied aid.
In regional cities of Texas, electricity began to fail on September 12 before 8 pm CDT, leaving millions without electricity (estimates range from 2.8 million to 4.5 million subscribers). The shelves of a grocery store in the Houston area were empty for weeks after the storm.
In Galveston, at 4 pm CDT (2100 UTC) on September 12, an increasing storm surge began to strike Galveston Seawall along the 17 foot (5.2 m), which overlooks the Gulf of Mexico; the waves had crashed along the sea wall before, from 9 am. Although Seawall Boulevard is elevated above the shoreline, many areas of the city decline behind the sea wall to a lower altitude on Galveston Island.
Despite a further evacuation plan, Mary Jo Naschke, a spokesman for the city of Galveston, estimates that (on Friday morning) a quarter of the city's population is not paying attention to their calls for refuge, despite predictions that most of Galveston Island will suffer massive flooding. At 6 pm, Friday night's estimates vary for how many of the 58,000 residents are left, but the number of residents remaining is thousands. The widespread floods included Galveston city center: six feet (2 m) deep in the Galveston District Court, and the University of Texas Medical Branch, the main hospital in Galveston county, sustained significant damage from flooding. Massive flooding caused failure for all facility systems and allowed molds to attack all buildings. Tourist attractions on the island experience various degrees of damage. The Lone Star Aviation Museum suffered great damage, as storm surges swept through airports and hangars with about 8 feet (2.4 m) of water; However, Moody Gardens was built with a storm in mind and was able to withstand the worst storms.
In Houston, windows also broke in buildings in the city center, including the 75-storey JP Morgan Chase building, and the Reliant Stadium lost some of its roof. Due to strong winds and spies passing directly in the city, power outages are a big deal. Some residents without electricity for more than a month. Because the storm system is moving quickly and does not linger in Houston, flooding is no big deal for most cities, as it usually happens in a storm event, as a result of relatively flat topography.
On the Bolivar Peninsula, Texas, dozens of people were rescued because the flood waters exceeded 12 feet (3.7 m) above sea level before the storm. Many residents, some trapped by high water on the road at Rollover Pass and others along the Bolivar Peninsula are not saved. The peninsula wears the brunt of Ike's right front quadrant, historically the worst part of the storm, and suffered terrible damage with the worst between Rollover Pass and Gilchrist, Texas - west of High Island. Estimates of lost homes on the peninsula are about 80%.
The people of Southeast Texas in the City of Bridges at Lake Sabine and large areas around Orange (80 miles or 130 kilometers from the landing center) are flooded by storm surges that travel 16 miles (26 km) inland from the coast. Bridge City Mayor Kirk Roccaforte estimates that only about 14 houses (later renewed to about two dozen) in the city were unaffected by the spike.
Johnson Space Center NASA suffered minor roof damage on Mission Control and minor cosmetic damage to some other buildings. NASA's operations at Ellington Field also suffered roof and tent damage, and one hangar was severely damaged.
Further inland
On September 14th, after Ike became extratropical and upgraded by a short-wave upper trough, major wind events took place in the central and lower Ohio valleys and the Greater Lower Lake, and significant rainfall and floods occurred in the west. St. Metropolitan Area Louis experienced a storm condition, with Ike's remains inflicting severe damage to homes. Several areas in Illinois and Indiana, which have been flooded by frontal borders to the north, see significant additional precipitation. Due to floods in Chicago, Todd Stroger declared a state of emergency for Cook County due to the flooding of the River Des Plaines. Wind storms are reported to the east from centers across parts of Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania with significant wind damage including structural damage to buildings and trees. The Louisville area declared a state of emergency because of major damage and power outages, and Louisville International Airport was temporarily closed. LG spokesperson & amp; E says that this is the worst power outage in 30 years. Later that day, a state emergency was announced in Kentucky by Governor Steve Beshear. Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport was also temporarily closed, and the control tower was evacuated. In Cincinnati, many reports of damaged roofs and trees were called to law enforcement, and on September 15, most schools in Hamilton County, Butler County and Warren County had class canceled due to power outages, some lasting seven days.
Blowing winds of 75 mph (121 km/h) were recorded in both Cincinnati and Columbus, which is equivalent to the sustained wind rate found in Category 1 storms. In addition, an emergency was announced in Ohio. The damage in Ohio was initially estimated at $ 553 million with 131,000 insurance claims filed within the first few days after the storm. The overall damage in Ohio exceeded $ 1.1 billion, tying the 1974 Xenia tornado as the most expensive storm in Ohio's history. Also in Salem, Indiana, and Scottsburg, Indiana, wind gusts of up to 81 mph (130 km/h) are recorded. In Indiana, high winds cause more than 200,000 customers without electricity across the state. A gust of 63 mph (101 km/h) is recorded at Indianapolis International Airport.
Coming to Indianapolis, on September 14, Ike also caused damage to the first motorcycle Grand Prix held in Indianapolis, stopping the 125cc and MotoGP races after two-thirds of the distance, and led to the cancellation of the 250cc race. In Arkansas, about 200,000 customers lost power due to wind, the state's worst power loss since an ice storm in 2000. In the Louisville region, more than 300,000 customers have no electricity - the worst blackout in utility history. The Cincinnati metropolitan area was also hit hard, with over 927,000 customers losing power in the region. A spokesman for Duke Energy said: "We've never seen anything like this, never, we talk about 90 percent of our customers without electricity." There are so many power cuts and so few workers available. Duke Energy is thinking of sending workers from their base in Charlotte, North Carolina. Many homes and businesses do not have electricity for 3-7 days. Cincinnati Public Schools canceled classes for students for at least three days for all schools. In Dayton, Ohio area 300,000 of 515,000 Dayton Power & amp; Light Co. Customers lost strength at some point following a severe windstorm on the afternoon of September 14, according to a company spokesman. Also hard hit was the center of Ohio (with over 350,000 customers losing power) and northeastern Ohio (with over 310,000 customers losing power), as well as Illinois (49,000), Missouri (85,000), and western Pennsylvania (with over 180,000 customers losing power). In western Kentucky, outsiders must be imported from Mississippi as far as possible to restore power. In Indiana, about 350,000 customers are losing power across the state, especially in the southern part of the state. In New York State, more than 100,000 customers are reported without electricity. In total, 28 deaths have been blamed on Ike in the inland state.
Canada
In Ontario, Ike's remains carry an enormous amount of rain on Sunday, September 14, in the Windsor region. It closely follows the slow-moving frontal system that had wet the city the day before, dumping a rainy 75.2 millimeters (2.96 inches) and breaking the old record of 39.1 mm (1.54 in) in 1979, according to Environment Canada. Most of the damage in the Windsor area with Ike is limited to falling electrical grid and tree branches that are rolled with wind gusts reach 80 km/h (50 mph), with street floods that make driving really dangerous in some areas. The highway washed on the Bruce Peninsula, and fallen trees in London, Ontario. The storm continues to cause wind and rain damage as it continues east along the St. Lawrence left about 25,000 customers without electricity, especially in Belleville, Brockville, Bancroft, Peterborough, Bowmanville, Huntsville, and Timmins.
In Quebec, the area north of the Saint Lawrence River receives 50 mm (2.0 inches) to 70 mm (2.8 inches) of rain (Hautes-Laurentides, Haute-Mauricie, RÃÆ'Â © serve faunique des Laurentides, Saguenay-Lac - Saint-Jean, Charlevoix and CÃÆ'Â'te-Nord). Maximum recorded rainfall between Lac-St-Jean and RÃÆ' Â © serves faunique des Laurentides with stations recorded more than 90 mm (3.5 inches) of rain Throughout the river, the number is more at 10 mm (0.4 inches) and the range 30 mm (1.2 inches), except in the Quebec City area that receives nearly 50 mm (2.0 inches), mostly between 7:00 pm and 8:00 pm. This rain caused a small puddle, overflowing storms, and closed a major highway. In Montreal, a high level of system-driven humidity causes electrical dysfunction to one of the subway lines, which makes 25,000 commuters mired. Strong winds up to 78 km/h (48 mph) caused, at its worst, more than 25,000 households lost electricity in Montreal, Laval, Estrie and MontÃÆ' © rÃÆ'Â © gie and when it reached the Magdalene Islands, it had enough power to causing a sailboat, OcÃÆ'Â an , drowning. Six passengers were rescued by Canadian Coast Guard helicopters.
"Ike Spike" in the price of gasoline is quite severe in Canada, with gas prices up from 15 to 20 cents per liter.
Iceland
The rest of Ike was combined with an unusual depression affecting southwest Iceland on September 17, three days after Ike became extratropical. The storm generated a wave of 9 m (30 ft) along the island's southwest coast. Rainfall peaked near 200 mm (7.9 inches) near ReykjavÃÆ'k. Wind gusts measured up to 89 mph (143 km/h). The strong winds on the back of the system resulted in a huge dust storm in the north of the island.
Aftermath
Turks and Caicos and Bahamas
Due to the damage brought by Ike in the Turks and Caicos Islands, the insular government declared the islands of Grand Turk and South Caicos as a disaster area. Damage on the islands was surveyed shortly after the storm section by the CDERA assessment team from Jamaica. Following the widespread occurrence of electricity blackouts, the Caribbean Utility Service is offered to support the recovery of electricity services. The British HMS Iron Duke (F234) was sent to the islands to assist in the recovery effort, and personnel from the British Red Cross were also dispatched.
Criticism help
After Hurricane Ike, many residents applied to FEMA for FEMA loans and trailers. Many residents were forced to wait several weeks until their trailer arrived. Some wait up to two months, stay in hotels, in family homes several miles away, or in their homes, without electricity or running water. Many residents are angry at the response that FEMA gave to the issue. The leaders of the state of Texas also accused FEMA of dragging its feet and insensitivity.
$ 3.1 billion in federal aid was eventually allocated to Texas by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. It should be used to repair single-family homes for low- and middle-income families, but in 2011 only 10% of the funds were released, while the rest were detained for "state bureaucracy".
General and mental health problems
Hurricane Ike also brings many health problems to the victims. Damage from the home and the environment helps create this problem among the people. After the disaster, the public was challenged to provide proper medical care in the emergency room and other medical facilities. It develops stress that restricts the victims of their basic health services. The Orange area has an 88.5 percent loss of capacity for medium-sized facilities that reduce its overall capacity. At the end of October, five hospitals that typically serve typhoon-affected areas remain closed while only one hospital continues to operate but with patient boundaries.
The need for mental health services increases after disasters especially for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Most individuals will not advance to behavioral problems or constant mental health, but the World Health Organization estimates that between five and ten percent of victims will have more long-term problems. Telephone interviews and mental health diagnoses were randomly assigned to households about the impact of Hurricane Ike. Post-disaster mental health events were 5.9 percent for post-traumatic stress disorder, 4.5 percent for major depressive episodes, and 9.9 percent for generalized anxiety disorder. The Galveston Bay Recovery Research (GBRS) is a survey that is distributed through a random sample of clusters of victims in the Galveston Bay area for research on traumatic stress and disaster exposure. When victims surveyed were asked how they felt and what they experienced after the storm there was a direct emotional response to the fear of loss of property, work, displacement, and damage. Children are subjected to physical abuse by parents and guardians for loss of property and work. The results of post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, dysfunction, and disability were reported when asked how stressful their life since Hurricane Ike. There is an increase in disorders, disruptions with social activities and health behaviors such as eating poorly, smoking more, and being anxious. The development of mental health problems is caused by a lack of adequate clean clothes, electricity, food, money, transportation, or water for at least one week.
Victims and workers face many dangers of housing and work during the process of repairing their home or community. Exposure to hazardous substances through the process of creating disease health threats, airborne contamination, smoke inhalation, and lead poisoning. When disaster victims return to their damaged homes, children are exposed to debris and other dangers, developing the risk of injury. After a storm due to power outages individuals and families misused portable generators causing carbon monoxide poisoning. Eighty-two percent to 87 percent of carbon monoxide is caused by improper use of generators. The Texas Department of Public Health Service issued that gasoline generators should not be used indoors. Fifty-four people were reported by the Texas poison center to have storm-related carbon monoxide exposure. The Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society and Centers for Disease Control reported 15 people had to undergo hyperbaric oxygen treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning. Symptoms of exposure are headache, nausea, and vomiting with most cases being treated under the age of eighteen.
Sports
Hurricane Ike forced the Houston Astros and Chicago Cubs to play 3 sets of their games in Milwaukee at Miller Park. Ike also forced the postponement of the second weekend NFL match between Houston Texans and Baltimore Ravens. The game was later made in Houston after repairs were made to Reliant Stadium on November 9, 2008. It also forced the NCAA football game on September 13 between Houston Cougars and Falcons Air Force to be moved from Robertson Stadium in Houston to Gerald Ford Stadium in Dallas. Ike also forced the postponement of Texas Longhorns matches in Austin, Texas due to increased refugee traffic at city shelters. Tickets for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) WrestleMania XXV were originally scheduled to go on sale on September 20, 2008, but were postponed due to Ike's influence in the state of Texas until November 8, 2008.
Help effort
There are a number of relief efforts prepared to help those trapped in Ike, including those formed by Portlight and Weather Underground. Most of them collect at least $ 10,000 to help. The Underground Lights/Weather Effect creates some initial controversy arising from unexpected remarkable responses to requests for help.
Portlight delivers more than $ 500,000 worth of equipment to people with disabilities and remote communities affected by Hurricane Ike. They also send pizza to Bolivar's battered city dwellers and help provide a Christmas party for residents of Bridge City, Texas.
Oil and gas spills
Typhoon Ike, waves, and giant waves throw away storage tanks and leaky pipes. However, operators in the Gulf of Mexico (ranging from major integrated producers such as BP and Shell to independent independent smallholders) shut down operations before Ike's approach as a precaution. As a result of this closing, US oil production fell from 5 million barrels per day (790,000 cubic meters per day) to 4 Mbbl/d (640,000 m 3 /d) shortly thereafter from the storm. At the end of November, production was restored to pre-Ike level. Despite the storm, only 500,000 US gallons (1,900 cubic meters) of crude oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico and the swamps, bays and bay of Louisiana and Texas over the coastline as far as 185 miles (298 kilometers). Most of the spills occurred in the High Galveston County, Texas, where storm surges rose above lowland oil fields and flooded swampy areas around several production wells, emission pumps and storage tanks. During the days before and after the storm, companies, and residents reported about 448 releases of gas, oil, and other substances into the environment in Louisiana and Texas. The hardest hit places are industrial centers near Houston and Port Arthur, Texas, as well as oil production facilities off Louisiana.
The Coast Guard, with its Environmental Protection Agency and state agencies, has responded to more than 3,000 pollution reports linked to the storm and surges along the upper Texas coast. Most callers complain about the abandoned propane tanks, paint cans and other hazardous containers that appear in swamps, backyards, and other places.
Oil tank collision with drill rig
On March 6, 2009, a 159,000-tonne Norwegian tanker, SKS Satilla, collided with an Ensco 74 jackup drilling rig, operated by Ensco plc, which had been lost after Ike's attack. The double hull of the tanker prevented the oil spill on location, 65 miles south of Galveston, which is 115 miles west of the original rig position. Four drill rigs, including Ensco 74, were damaged by Ike, but Ensco 74 was the only missing rig. At least 52 oil platforms damaged by Ike.
Retirement
Due to extraordinary damage, the number of deaths, and missing persons, the name Ike was officially discontinued on April 22, 2009 by the World Meteorological Organization, and will never be used again for Atlantic tropical storms.. It was replaced with Isaias in the 2014 season. Isaias , however, was not used in 2014, so it could be used in 2020.
Future Mitigation
A commission formed by Rick Perry, Governor of Texas, follows a storm to investigate future disaster preparedness and mitigation. A proposal has been proposed to build "Ike Dike", a large embankment system that will protect Galveston Bay, and important industrial facilities lining the shore and docks, from the future, potentially more destructive storms. This proposal received wide support from various business interests. In 2009, it is currently only at the conceptual stage.
See also
- List of the most expensive Atlantic hurricanes
- List of Atlantic storm records
- Texas Typhoon List (1980-present)
- United States hurricane list
- Category List 4 Atlantic hurricane
- 1900 Galveston hurricane - a 1900 storm on the same track as Ike, which killed more than 6,000 people and led to the construction of Galveston seawall.
- Hurricane Harvey
Note
References
- General
- Berg, Robbie; National Hurricane Center (January 23, 2009). Hurricane Ike (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). Miami, Florida: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service of the United States . Retrieved July 18 2014 .
- Specific
External links
- The NHC Archive of Hurricane Ike
- USGS Danger of Sea Change: Typhoon and Extreme Hurricane Ike
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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