Spearfishing is an ancient fishing method that has been used worldwide for thousands of years. Early civilizations were accustomed to the habit of catching fish from rivers and streams using sharp sticks.
Today modern spearfishing uses speargun and elastic-powered sling, or compressed pneumatic gas speargun, to attack the hunted fish. Special techniques and equipment have been developed for various types of aquatic environments and target fish.
Spearfishing can be done using free diving techniques, snorkeling, or scuba diving. Spearfishing when using scuba equipment is illegal in some countries. The use of mechanically powered speargun is also prohibited in some countries and jurisdictions. Spearfishing is highly selective, usually does not use bait and has no side catch.
Video Spearfishing
Histori
Spearfishing with spiked poles (spears) is widespread in the palaeolytic age. Cosquer Cave in Southern France has an art cave more than 16,000 years old, including seals that seem to have been stoned.
There are references to fishing with spears in ancient literature; though, in most cases, the description does not go into detail. The earliest examples of the Bible are in Job 41: 7: Can you fill the skin [Leviathan] with iron thorns? or his head with a fish spear? .
Greek historian, Polybius (<203 BC-120 BC), in his book Histories, describes swordfish hunting by using harpoon with thorny head and removable.
The Greek writer, Oppian of Corycus, wrote the main treatise on sea fishing, Halieulica or Halieutics , composed between 177 and 180. This is the earliest work that can survive intact. Oppian explains the various ways of fishing including the use of spears and trident.
In a fishing parody, a type of gladiator called retiarius carries trident and plaster. He fought the murmillo, who carried a short sword and a helmet with a fish picture on the front.
Copper spears are known by Harappans sailors all the way back to ancient times. Early hunters in India include the Mincopie people, native of Andaman and Nicobar islands in India, who have used spears with long straps for early fishing.
Maps Spearfishing
Traditional
Spear fishing is an ancient method of fishing and can be done with a regular lance or special variant like an eel spear or a trident. Small trident type spears with long handles are used in South America and Midwest to drive bullfrogs with bright lights at night, or to drag carp and other fish in shallow water.
Modern
Traditional spear fishing is restricted to shallow waters, but speargun development, diving masks and swimfins allow deeper fishing. With practice, some freedivers are able to hold their breath for up to four minutes; a diver with underwater breathing equipment can dive for a longer time.
In the 1920s, spearfishing exercises using only waterproof swimming glasses became popular on the Mediterranean coast of France and Italy. This led to the development of modern diving masks, fins and snorkels. Modern scuba diving has genesis in the systematic use of rebreathers by Italian sports spearfishers during the 1930s. This practice became the concern of the Italian Navy, which developed the frog unit, which affected World War II.
In 1940, a small group of people in California, USA had been spearfishing for less than 10 years. The most widely used import equipment from Europe, while innovators Charlie Sturgill, Jack Prodanovich, and Wally Potts find and build innovative equipment for California divers.
During the 1960s, efforts to get the spear recognized as an Olympic sport did not work. Instead, two organizations, the International Underwater Spearfishing Association (IUSA) and the International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee (IBSRC), include a species-based catch record for ensuring fair competition. Spearfishing is illegal in many waters, and some locations only allow spearfishing during certain seasons.
Preservation
Spearfishing has been involved in the local disappearance of several species, including goliath grouper on the Caribbean island of Bonaire, Nassau grouper on a barrier reef off the coast of Belize and a giant black marine fish in California, all of which have been listed as endangered. Modern spearfishing has shifted focus to catching just what is needed and targeting sustainable fisheries. When teeth evolved in the 1960s and 1970s, spearfishermen typically regarded the oceans as unlimited resources and often sold their catch. This practice is now highly favored in leading spearfishing countries to promote unsustainable methods and encourage taking more fish than is necessary. In countries such as Australia and South Africa where these activities are governed by state fisheries, spearfishing has been found to be the most environmentally friendly form of fisheries because it is highly selective, has no side catch, does not cause habitat destruction, or creates pollution. or endanger endangered species. In 2007, the Australian Bluewater Freediving Classic became the first accredited spearfishing tournament and was awarded 4 out of 5 stars based on environmental, social, safety and economic indicators.
Shore diving
Shore diving is probably the most common form of spear and involves only in and out of the coast or cape and hunting around the marine structures, usually coral, but also rocks, seaweed or sand. Usually beach diver hunting in depth 5-25 meters (16-82 feet), depending on location. In some locations, divers may experience drop-off from 5 to 40 meters (16 to 131 feet) near the shoreline. Sharks and reef fish can be abundant in this location. In subtropical areas, sharks may be less common, but other challenges confront beach divers, such as managing in and out in front of big waves. Cape is favored to enter because of its proximity to deeper water, but time is important so divers are not pushed to rock by waves. Entry to the beach can be safer, but more difficult because it must be repeatedly diving through the waves until the surf line is crossed. Divers can enter from relatively open headlands, for convenience, then swim to a more sheltered shore to get out of the water.
Shore dives produce reef fish primarily, but pelagic oceangoing fish are also captured from beach dives in some places, and can be specifically targeted.
Diving beaches can be done with less-trigger spears like pole spears or Hawaiian sling, but more often triggered devices such as speargun. Speargun settings for catching and storing fish include speed rigs and fish binders.
Boat diving
Ships, ships, kayaks, or even jetski can be used to access offshore corals or ocean structures. Man-made structures such as oil rigs and Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) are also fished. Sometimes it takes a boat to access a location close to the beach, but can not be accessed by land.
The methods and equipment used for boat diving are similar to beach dives or hunting blue water, depending on prey target.
Boat diving is practiced all over the world. Hot spots include Mozambique, New Zealand Three Kings (yellowtail) island, Gulf of Mexico oil rigs (cobia, grouper) and Great Barrier Reef (wahoo, dogtooth tuna). The deep-sea fishing base at Cape Point, (Cape Town, South Africa) has become popular with trophy hunting, freediving spearfishers looking for Yellowfin Tuna.
Hunting the blue waters
The pursuit of blue water involves diving in open sea waters for pelagic species. This involves the access of usually very deep and clear water and chumming for large pelagic fish species such as marlin, tuna, wahoo, or trevally giants. The hunt for blue water is often done in drifts; boat drivers drop diver and let them drift in the stream for several miles before collecting it. The blue water hunters can go for hours without seeing any fish, and without any oceanic or undersea structures visible, divers can experience sensory plundering and difficulty determining the size of solitary fish. One technique to overcome this is to pay attention to the size of the fish's eye in relation to its body. Large specimens have smaller proportioned eyes.
The creation of Australia's Bluewater Freediving Classic in 1995 in northern New South Wales is a revolutionary way to create interest and promotion of conservative underwater hunting format, and contribute to the establishment of the International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee. The IBSRC, formed in 1996, is the first dedicated organization in the world, created by recognized world leaders in water blue hunting, to record and arrange for the capture of pelagic species by water-blue hunters.
In particular, some blue water hunters use large multi-band wooden rifles and use loose-pair rigs to capture and subdue their prey. If the prey is large and still fights left after being conquered, the second gun can give a killer shot at a safe distance. This is acceptable by IBSRC and IUSA regulations as long as the spearo loads itself in water.
Blue hunts are conducted around the world, but famous hot spots include Mozambique (giant dogtooth, wahoo and giant turrum), South Africa (Yellowfin tuna, Spanish Mackerel, wahoo, marlin and giant turrum), Australia (dogtooth tuna, wahoo and Spanish Mackerel) and the South Pacific (dogtooth tuna). Tanzania has been removed as a famous place because spearfishing is illegal according to the laws and regulations of Tanzania and Zanzibar.
Freshwater fish hunting
Many US states allow spearfishing in lakes and rivers, but almost all limit divers to shoot only rough fish such as carp, gar, bullheads, suckers, etc. Some US states permit the taking of certain gamefish such as sunfish, crappies, striped bass, catfish and walleye. Freshwater hunters usually have to cope with seasonal changes that vary greatly in the clarity of the water due to floods, algae blooms and lake cycles. Some very strong central and north central diving divers go hunting spears under the ice in the winter when the clarity of water is the best.
In the summer the majority of freshwater spearfishermen use snorkeling equipment rather than scuba because many of the fish they are aiming in are relatively shallow water. The mashed fish fired by freshwater spawn fishermen usually ends up being used as fertilizers, baits for bears, or sometimes donated to the zoo.
No diving
Spearfishing with hand spears from land, shallow water or boats has been practiced for thousands of years. The fishermen must take into account the optical refraction on the surface of the water, which makes the fish appear higher in their line of sight than they are. Based on experience, fishermen learn to aim lower. Calm and shallow water is favored for fishing from above the surface, because the clarity of water is the most important. Many people who grew up on farms in the Midwestern United States in the 1940s-60s recall will lure carp with pitchforks when their fields flood in the spring. Spearfishing in this way has some similarities to bowfishing.
Tools
Spearfishing is intensively managed around the world.
Australia only allows fishing recreation and is generally just a breath-free dive. Country & amp; territorial governments impose many restrictions, demarcate Protected Areas, Closed Areas, Protected Species, size/bag borders and equipment. The agency that is primarily concerned with spearfishing is the Australian Underwater Federation, Australia's top recreation diving agency. AUF's vision for spearfishing is "Safe, Sustainable, Selective, Spearfishing". AUF provides membership, advocates and organizes competitions.
Norway has a relatively large coastline ratio to the population, and has one of the most liberal spearfishing rules in the northern hemisphere. Spearfishing with diving equipment is widespread among recreational divers. Restrictions in Norway are limited to anadrome species, such as Atlantic salmon, sea fish, and lobsters.
In Mexico, regular fishing permit allows spearfishing, but not electro-mechanical guns. Spearfishing with scuba equipment is illegal and power head use as well. His punishment is severe and includes penalties, confiscated equipment and even prison sentences.
The United States has different spearfishing regulations for each state. In Florida, spearfishing is limited to several hundred meters offshore in many areas and powerhead use is prohibited in state waters. Many types of fish are currently under the weight limit of the bag. In California, only recreational spearfishing is allowed. California also imposes many restrictions, demarcates Sea protection areas, enclosed areas, protected species, size limits/bags and equipment. Spearfishing in Puerto Rico has its own set of rules.
In the UK, while spearfishing is not explicitly regulated, it is not subject to local law (usually local law) and national legislation relating to permitted fish species and minimum size limits. For example, it is not permissible to chop in fresh water and rivers that are not tidal.
Under the recent EU guidelines, recreational leisure spears are now explicitly allowed in the waters of the EU Atlantic.
Leading Spearfishers
(Notability must be set by a reliable source)
- Rob Allen - South Africa
- Tommy Botha - South Africa Peter Crawford - England, 13 times UK champion Ben Cropp
- Ian Fleming - English; author of James Bond books and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
- Wally Gibbons
- Guy Gilpatric
- Cameron Kirkconnell - 12x world record holder
- Mohammed Jassim Al-Kuwari - Qatar
- George "Doc" Lopez
- Terry Maas - AS
- Barry Paxman - Australia
- Dr Adam Smith - Australia
- Charlie Sturgill - AS; US National Spearfishing Champion 1951; innovator of modern spearfishing equipment
- Ron Taylor
- Valerie Taylor
- Rob Torelli - Australia, Australian champion 9 times
- Darryl Wong - maker of US equipment
- Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia
See also
- Underwater target shooting
References
Further reading
- Jones, Len (2002). Len Jones's guide to freedive spearfishing (ed Australia.). Adrenaline Spearfishing Equipment. ISBN: 978-0-9580308-0-9.
- Smith, Adam K (2000). Underwater fishing in Australia and New Zealand . Mount Ocean & amp; Travel Publications. ISBN: 978-0-646-40642-8.
- Spearfishing is it ecologically sustainable? Paper presented at the World Recreation Fisheries Conference, Darwin, Australia by Adam Smith and Seji Nakaya
- Terry Maas (1998). Bluewater Hunting & amp; Freediving. Ventura, CA: BlueWater Freedivers. ISBNÃ, 0-9644966-3-1.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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