Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

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Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation , an artificial form of ventilation, is an act of helping or stimulating respiration, a metabolic process that refers to an overall gas exchange in the body, in which the savior presses on his body. mouth against the victim and blow air into someone's lungs. Assistance takes many forms, but generally requires the provision of air for someone who is not breathing or does not make sufficient breathing efforts on himself. It is used in patients with heart rate or as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to achieve internal respiration).

Pulmonary anton ventilation (and hence the outside of respiration) is achieved by manual insufflation of the lungs either by a rescuer who blows into the patient's lungs, or by using mechanical means to do so. This method of injecting proved to be more effective than a method involving mechanical manipulation of the patient's chest or arms, such as the Silvester method. It is also known as expired air exposure (EARLY), expired air ventilation (EAV), respiratory rescue or daily conversation kisses from life . It was introduced as a life saving measure in 1950.

Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is part of most protocols for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which makes it an essential skill for first aid. In some situations, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is also done separately, for example in overdose and overdose of opiates. The performance of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation itself is now limited to most protocols for health professionals, whereas first-aid layers are advised to perform full CPR in which case the patient is not breathing adequately.

Video Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

History

In 1773, the English physician William Hawes (1736-1808) began publicizing the power of artificial respiration to awaken those who superficially seemed to have drowned. For a year he paid a gift from his own pocket to anyone who brought it to a body saved from water in a reasonable time. Thomas Cogan, another British physician, who became interested in the same subject during his stay in Amsterdam, where in 1767 formed a society for the preservation of life from water accidents, joined Hawes in his crusade. In the summer of 1774 Hawes and Cogan each brought fifteen friends to a meeting at Chapter Coffee House, St. Paul's Churchyard, where they founded the Royal Humane Society as a campaign group for first aid and resuscitation.

Gradually, the branches of the Royal Humane Society were established in other parts of the country, especially in ports and coastal cities where the risk of sinking was high and by the end of the nineteenth century the community had more than 280 depots across the UK, supplied with equipment save lives. The earliest of these depots was the Receiving House in Hyde Park, on the northern edge of Serpentine, built in 1794 on the site given by George III. Hyde Park was chosen because tens of thousands of people swim in Serpentine in the summer and skate ice in winter. Boats and boatmen are kept to provide assistance to the baths, and in the winter, ice is sent to different slides in and around London. The public distributes prize money, medals, clips and testimonies, to those who save or try to save drowned people. It further recognizes "all cases of tremendous courage in saving or trying to save people from asphyxia in mines, wells, smelting furnaces, or in sewers where rotten gas can harm lives."

Maps Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

Insufflations

Insufflation , also known as "breathing rescue" or "ventilation", is an act that mechanically forces air into the patient's respiratory system. This can be achieved through a number of methods, which will depend on the situation and the equipment available. All methods require good airway management to be undertaken, which ensures that the method is effective. These methods include:

• Mouth to mouth - This involves the rescuer making a seal between his mouth and the patient's mouth and "blowing", to drain the air into the patient's body
• Mouth to nose - In some cases, the rescuer may need or want to form a seal with the patient's nose. Common reasons for this include maxillofacial injury, performing procedures in water or vomit remnants in the mouth
• Mouth to mouth and nose - Used in infants (usually up to about 1 year), as this forms the most effective seal
• Mouth to mask - Most organizations recommend the use of a kind of barrier between saviors and patients to reduce the risk of cross-infection. One of the popular types is the 'pocket mask'. It may be able to provide a higher tidal volume than the Valve Mask Bag.

Adjuncts to insuflation

Most training organizations recommend that in one method that involves mouth to patient, that protective barrier is used, to minimize the possibility of cross infection (in both directions).

Available obstacles include a pocket mask and a keyring face shield. These barriers are examples of Personal Protective Equipment to keep the face from splashing, spraying or splashing blood or other potentially contagious substances.

This barrier must provide a one-way filter valve that allows air from the rescuer to be given to the patient while any substance from the patient (eg vomit, blood) can not reach the rescuer. Many additions are a single use, although if they are multi-use, after additional use, the mask should be cleaned and autoclaved and the filters replaced. It is important for masks to be replaced or cleaned as they can act as carriers of various diseases.

CPR masks are the preferred method of ventilating patients when there is only one savior available. Many features of 18mm holes to support supplemental oxygen, which increases the oxygen delivered from the 17% estimate available in the air of expired rescue to about 40-50%.

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Efficency of mouth-to-patient insufficiency

Normal atmospheric air contains about 21% oxygen when inhaled. After gas exchange takes place in the lungs, with waste products (especially carbon dioxide) moving from the bloodstream to the lungs, the air exhaled by humans typically contains about 17% oxygen.. This means that the human body uses only about 19% of the oxygen inhaled, leaving more than 80% of the oxygen available in breath exhales.

This means that there is more than enough oxygen remaining to be used in the patient's lungs, which then enters the blood.

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Oxygen

The efficiency of artificial respiration can be greatly increased by the simultaneous use of oxygen therapy. The amount of oxygen available to patients in the mouth to mouth is about 16%. If this is done through a pocket mask with oxygen flow, this will increase oxygen by up to 40%. If a bag valve mask or mechanical ventilator is used with an oxygen supply, it will rise to 99% oxygen. The greater the oxygen concentration, the more efficient the gas exchange will be in the lungs.

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See also

• Mechanical ventilation - using mechanical tools to assist or replace spontaneous breathing
• Medical emergency

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References

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External links

• Expires Air Resuscitation
• First aid suggestion from Australian New South Wales ambulance service
• Two pamphlets detailing EAR
• The UK resuscitation website - contains information on the latest approved guidelines

Source of the article : Wikipedia