The choking game (also known as fainted game and various slang terms) refers deliberately cutting oxygen to the brain in order to induce temporary loss of consciousness and euphoria.
Video Choking game
Reason for practice
Limited research has been done on the motivation to practice fainting games, although sensation search has been identified as a risk factor, as it has the perception that it is a low-risk activity. The stated anecdotal reasons include:
- Peer pressure, challenges or challenges, rites of passage into social groups or entertainment for erratic behavior.
- Curiosity in experiencing altered states of consciousness, greyout experience, or imagined imaginations for near-death experiences.
- The belief that it can induce short euphoria (hasty or high sensation).
- The prospect of poisoning, albeit brief, with no financial costs.
The reason for the practice differs from erotic asphyxia. Steve Field, chairman of the Royal College of General Practitioners in London, claims that fainting games are performed mainly by children and teenagers "to get high without using drugs." Children "do not play this game for sexual satisfaction." This is often confused with erotic asphyxia, ie lack of oxygen for sexual arousal. Unlike erotic asphyxia, the practice of fainting games seems unusual in adulthood.
Maps Choking game
Effect mechanism
There are two main mechanisms behind many variations of this practice, both resulting in cerebral hypoxia (deprivation of oxygen to the brain). Both mechanisms tend to be confused with each other or treated as one but quite different even though both have the potential to cause permanent brain damage or death. The two mechanisms are strangulation and self-induced hypocapnia and work as follows:
Strangulation
A ligature such as a belt or rope around the neck, or the pressure of the hand or arm on the neck suppresses the internal carotid artery. Regardless of the direct restriction of blood to the brain, there are two other significant responses generated by pressing the neck:
- Suppressing the carotid artery also suppresses the baroreceptors. These bodies then cause vasodilation (widening) of the blood vessels) in the brain that causes insufficient blood to spray the brain with oxygen and maintain consciousness.
- The message is also sent through the vagus nerve to the main pacemaker to reduce the rate and volume of the heartbeat, usually by one-third. In some cases there is evidence that this may increase to asystole, a form of heart attack that is difficult to treat. There are different views on how and when a person reaches the stage of permanent injury, but it is agreed that pressure on the vagus nerve causes changes in pulse and blood pressure and is dangerous in cases of carotid sinus hypersensitivity./li>
This method is responsible for most, but not all, of the reported casualties.
This method is very dangerous when done alone. Unconscious movement can cause head trauma and other injuries. If standing, loss of consciousness can cause great head trauma from falling. If consciousness does not return immediately, medical assistance can not be sought by a third party, observer, or friend. If the administration of CPR or basic life support is required because of breathing or heart attack, relief will not be available or quickly called when unconscious or not breathing. Also this action can be misinterpreted as suicide when done alone, but is accidentally observed by a stranger, to whom the motivation behind the 'strangulation' is clearly unknown.
Increased breathing
The second mechanism requires hyperventilation (forced overbreathing) until symptoms of hypocapnia such as tingling, mild headaches or dizziness are felt, followed by a breath retention. This alone is sufficient to cause a power outage, but it is widely believed that the effect is enhanced if lung air pressure increases by holding the "hard" or "lower" breath (tightening the diaphragm as in a forced inhalation while there is no escaping air or asking the assistant to hug the bear). This last act can increase the hypoxic effect by estimating the Valsalva maneuver, leading to vagal stimulation.
Hyperventilation leads to excessive elimination of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) while no significant amount of additional oxygen can be dispersed inside the body. Since only carbon dioxide is responsible for respiratory stimuli, after hyperventilation, the breath can be held for longer until cerebral hypoxia occurs. Blood also becomes abnormal alkaline as a result of excessive removal of carbon dioxide; The subsequent rise in blood pH is called alkalosis. Alkalosis interferes with normal use of oxygen by the brain. Symptoms of alkalosis are neuromuscular irritability, muscle spasms, tingling and numbness of the extremities and around the mouth, and dizziness, or dizziness, often interpreted as a sense of euphoria.
In the alkalosis the body generally induces vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) but in the brain itself causes vasoconstriction (constriction of blood vessels). This vasoconstriction seems to be getting worse with a sudden increase in blood pressure caused by squeezing or holding a "hard" breath. Alkalosis-induced euphoria can be rapidly followed by hypoxic induced unconsciousness. The sequence of events that causes unconsciousness of hyperventilation is as follows:
- Decrease in partial pressure of alveolar CO 2 .
- Decrease in partial pressure of arterial CO 2 .
- Increased blood pH, (respiratory alkalosis).
- Vasoconstriction of blood vessels supplying the brain.
- Blood clots were in the brain at the time.
- The brain rapidly using oxygen (O 2 ) is available in the collected blood. The concentration of
- O 2 in the brain decreases.
- Unconscious of cerebral tissue hypoxia.
Because the brain can not store oxygen reserves and, unlike other organs, has a very low tolerance for oxygen deprivation, it is particularly vulnerable if vasoconstriction is not reversed. Usually, if the brain is hypoxic, the autonomic system in the body diverts blood to the brain at the expense of other organs; because the brain is vasoconstricted this mechanism is not available. Vasoconstriction is only reversed by the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood through respiratory suspension.
In some versions, bear hugs are replaced with pressure on the neck where blackouts occur are hybrids of self-induced strains and hypokapnia.
Other mechanisms
Unconsciousness can be induced by other methods although this is controversial: pressure on the carotid sinus can lead to syncope (fainting) without any other action at all but it is difficult to reproduce and is not the basis of the game. For those who are susceptible to carotid sinus syncope, which most people do not realize until it happens, this can be a very dangerous game.
In both self-induced hypokapnia victim blackouts may experience dreams or hallucinations, albeit at a glance, and regain consciousness with short-term memory loss and unconscious movement of their hands or feet. Full recovery is usually done in seconds if the strangulation stops.
Prevalence
A Center for Addiction Research and Mental Health 2008 found that at least 79,000 students in the Canadian province of Ontario participated in this action. The 2006 Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey in Williams County, Ohio found that 11% of young people aged 12-18 years and 19% of 17-18 year olds have practiced it.
Injuries and fatalities
Any activity that deprives the brain of oxygen has the potential to cause the death of middle to severe brain cells that result in permanent neurological loss of function ranging from difficulty in concentration or loss of short-term memory capacity through severe lifelong mental defects to death. Statistics about death and neurological damage are controversial; no definite empirical study, although there are indications that the practice is a significant contributor to death and disability, especially among boys in most developed countries. Many believe that deaths are not significantly reported because of false attributions to suicide.
One study by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found sufficient evidence to show that since 1995 at least 82 youth between the ages of 6 and 19 had died in the United States as a result of the game (to about 1% of deaths caused by suicide by suffocate in the same age group), see graph on the right. Of these 86.6% were male, the median age was 13.3. 95.7% of these deaths occur when the lads are alone; the parents of those who died were unaware of the game in 92.9% of cases. Deaths are recorded in 31 states and are not grouped by location, season or day of the week. Neurological damage is more difficult to attribute accurately because of the difficulty of attributing general neurological disabilities acquired to certain past events.
Incidental, or indirect, injury may arise from falling or uncontrolled movement and destroyed by a ligature or assistant. Such injuries may include concussions, fractures, tongue bleeding and eye bleeding.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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